CI: AppImage support

- Add a script for building a Calamares AppImage file (this is
   useful in *some* limited contexts, not a general way to distribute
   Calamares since it's much more efficient to use installed libs).
 - Add example config files for this AppImage build.
 - Download the linuxdeploy tools if they are missing
 - Document script flags some more

ci/AppImage.md

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+# AppImage building for Calamares
+
+> It is possible to build Calamares as an AppImage (perhaps other
+> containerized formats as well). This might make sense for
+> OEM phase-1 deployments in environments where Calamares is
+> not using the native toolkit.
+
+## AppImage tools
+
+You will need
+ - [`linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage`](https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy/releases)
+ - [`linuxdeploy-plugin-qt-x86_64.AppImage`](https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy-plugin-qt/releases)
+ - [`linuxdeploy-plugin-conda.sh`](https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy-plugin-conda)
+
+These tools should run -- they are bundled as AppImages after all -- on
+any modern Linux system. The [AppImage packaging documentation](https://docs.appimage.org/packaging-guide/)
+explains how the whole tooling works.
+
+If the tools are not present, the build script (see below) will download them,
+but you should save them for later.
+
+## AppImage build
+
+From the **source** directory, run `ci/AppImage.sh`:
+ - Use `--tools-dir` to copy the tools from a local cache rather than
+   downloading them again.
+ - Run it with `--cmake-args` for special CMake handling.
+ - Use `--skip-build` to avoid rebuilding Calamares all the time.
+ - Use `--config-dir` to copy in Calamares configuration files (e.g.
+   *settings.conf* and the module configuration files) from a given
+   directory.
+
+The build process will:
+ - copy (or download) the AppImage tools into a fresh build directory
+ - configure and build Calamares with suitable settings
+ - modifies the standard `.desktop` file to be AppImage-compatible
+ - builds the image with the AppImage tools
+
+## AppImage caveats
+
+The resulting AppImage, `Calamares-x86_64.AppImage`, can be run as if it is
+a regular Calamares executable. For internal reasons it always passes the
+`-X` flag; any other command-line flags are passed in unchanged. Internally,
+`XDG_*_DIRS` are used to get Calamares to find the resources inside the AppImage
+rather than in the host system.

ci/AppImage.sh

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+#! /bin/sh
+#
+#   SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright 2019 Adriaan de Groot <adridg@FreeBSD.org>
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+#   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+### END LICENSES
+
+### USAGE
+#
+# Shell script to help build an AppImage for Calamares.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   AppImage.sh [-T|--tools-dir <dir>]
+#               [-C|--cmake-args <args>]
+#               [-c|--config-dir <dir>]
+#               [-s|--skip-build]
+#
+# Multiple --cmake-args arguments will be collected together and passed to
+# CMake before building the application.
+#
+# Use --tools-dir to indicate where the linuxdeploy tools are located.
+#
+# Use --config to copy a config-directory (with settings.conf and others)
+# into the resulting image,
+#
+### END USAGE
+
+TOOLS_DIR="."
+CMAKE_ARGS=""
+NO_SKIP_BUILD="true"
+CONFIG_DIR=""
+while test "$#" -gt 0
+do
+    case "x$1" in
+    x--help|x-h)
+        sed -e '1,/USAGE/d' -e '/END.USAGE/,$d' < "$0"
+        return 0
+        ;;
+    x--tools-dir|x-T)
+        TOOLS_DIR="$2"
+        shift
+        ;;
+    x--cmake-args|x-C)
+        CMAKE_ARGS="$CMAKE_ARGS $2"
+        shift
+        ;;
+    x--config-dir|x-c)
+        CONFIG_DIR="$2"
+        shift
+        ;;
+    x--skip-build|x-s)
+        NO_SKIP_BUILD="false"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "! Unknown argument '$1'."
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+    esac
+    test "$#" -gt 0 || { echo "! Missing arguments."; exit 1; }
+    shift
+done
+
+### Check where we're running
+#
+BIN_DIR=$( cd $( dirname "$0" ) && pwd -P )
+test -d "$BIN_DIR" || { echo "! Could not find BIN_DIR"; exit 1; }
+test -f "$BIN_DIR/AppImage.sh" || { echo "! $BIN_DIR does not have AppImage.sh"; exit 1; }
+
+SRC_DIR=$( cd "$BIN_DIR/.." && pwd -P )
+test -d "$SRC_DIR" || { echo "! Could not find SRC_DIR"; exit 1; }
+test -d "$SRC_DIR/ci" || { echo "! $SRC_DIR isn't a top-level Calamares checkout"; exit 1; }
+test -f "$SRC_DIR/CMakeLists.txt" || { echo "! SRC_DIR is missing CMakeLists.txt"; exit 1; }
+
+### Check pre-requisites
+#
+BUILD_DIR=build-AppImage
+test -d "$BUILD_DIR" || mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR"
+test -d "$BUILD_DIR" || { echo "! Could not create $BUILD_DIR"; exit 1; }
+
+for tool in linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage linuxdeploy-plugin-qt-x86_64.AppImage linuxdeploy-plugin-conda.sh
+do
+    if test -x "$BUILD_DIR/$tool" ; then
+        # This tool is ok
+        :
+    else
+        if test -f "$TOOLS_DIR/$tool" ; then
+            cp "$TOOLS_DIR/$tool" "$BUILD_DIR/$tool" || exit 1
+        else
+            fetch=$( grep "^# URL .*$tool\$" "$0" | sed 's/# URL *//' )
+            curl -L -o "$BUILD_DIR/$tool" "$fetch"
+        fi
+        chmod +x "$BUILD_DIR/$tool"
+        test -x "$BUILD_DIR/$tool" || { echo "! Missing tool $tool in tools-dir $TOOLS_DIR"; exit 1; }
+    fi
+done
+
+if test -z "$CONFIG_DIR" ; then
+    echo "# Using basic settings.conf"
+else
+    test -f "$CONFIG_DIR/settings.conf" || { echo "! No settings.conf in $CONFIG_DIR"; exit 1; }
+fi
+
+### Clean up build-directory
+#
+rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR/AppDir"
+if $NO_SKIP_BUILD ; then
+    rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR/build"
+    mkdir "$BUILD_DIR/build" || { echo "! Could not create $BUILD_DIR/build for the cmake-build."; exit 1; }
+else
+    test -d "$BUILD_DIR/build" || { echo "! No build found in $BUILD_DIR, but --skip-build is given."; exit 1; }
+    test -x "$BUILD_DIR/build/calamares" || { echo "! No complete build found in $BUILD_DIR/build ."; exit 1; }
+fi
+mkdir "$BUILD_DIR/AppDir" || { echo "! Could not create $BUILD_DIR/AppDir for the AppImage install."; exit 1; }
+LOG_FILE="$BUILD_DIR/AppImage.log"
+rm -f "$LOG_FILE"
+
+### Build Calamares
+#
+if $NO_SKIP_BUILD ; then
+    echo "# Running cmake ..."
+    (
+        cd "$BUILD_DIR/build" &&
+        cmake "$SRC_DIR" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib $CMAKE_ARGS
+    ) > "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 || { tail -10 "$LOG_FILE" ; echo "! Could not run CMake"; exit 1; }
+    echo "# Running make ..."
+    (
+        cd "$BUILD_DIR/build" &&
+        make -j4
+    ) > "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 || { tail -10 "$LOG_FILE" ; echo "! Could not run make"; exit 1; }
+fi
+echo "# Running make install ..."
+(
+    cd "$BUILD_DIR/build" &&
+    make install DESTDIR=../AppDir
+) > "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 || { tail -10 "$LOG_FILE" ; echo "! Could not run make install"; exit 1; }
+
+### Modify installation
+#
+IMAGE_DIR="$BUILD_DIR/AppDir"
+
+# Munge the desktop file to not use absolute paths or pkexec
+sed -i \
+    -e 's+^Exec=.*+Exec=calamares+' \
+    -e 's+^Name=.*+Name=Calamares+' \
+    "$IMAGE_DIR"/usr/share/applications/calamares.desktop
+
+# Replace the executable with a shell-proxy
+test -x "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares" || { echo "! Does not seem to have installed calamares"; exit 1; }
+mv "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares" "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares.bin"
+cat > "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares" <<"EOF"
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# Calamares proxy-script
+export XDG_DATA_DIRS="$APPDIR/usr/share/calamares:"
+export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS="$APPDIR/etc/calamares:$D/usr/share:"
+cd "$APPDIR"
+exec "$APPDIR"/usr/bin/calamares.bin -X "$@"
+EOF
+chmod 755 "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares"
+test -x "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/bin/calamares" || { echo "! Does not seem to have proxy for calamares"; exit 1; }
+
+### Install additional files
+#
+PLUGIN_DIR=$( qmake  -query QT_INSTALL_PLUGINS )
+for plugin in \
+    libpmsfdiskbackendplugin.so \
+    libpmdummybackendplugin.so
+do
+    cp "$PLUGIN_DIR/$plugin" "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/lib" || { echo "! Could not copy plugin $plugin"; exit 1; }
+done
+
+# Install configuration files
+ETC_DIR="$IMAGE_DIR"/etc/calamares
+mkdir -p "$ETC_DIR"
+test -d "$ETC_DIR" || { echo "! Could not create /etc/calamares in image."; exit 1; }
+
+if test -z "$CONFIG_DIR" ; then
+    echo "# Using basic settings.conf"
+    cp "$SRC_DIR/settings.conf" "$ETC_DIR"
+else
+    test -f "$CONFIG_DIR/settings.conf" || { echo "! No settings.conf in $CONFIG_DIR"; exit 1; }
+    mkdir -p "$ETC_DIR/modules"
+    cp "$CONFIG_DIR/settings.conf" "$ETC_DIR"
+    test -d "$CONFIG_DIR/modules" && cp -r "$CONFIG_DIR/modules" "$ETC_DIR"
+    test -d "$CONFIG_DIR/branding" && cp -r "$CONFIG_DIR/branding" "$IMAGE_DIR/usr/share/calamares"
+fi
+
+### Build the AppImage
+#
+#
+echo "# Building AppImage"
+(
+    export QT_SELECT=qt5  # Otherwise might pick Qt4 in image
+    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=AppDir/usr/lib  # RPATH isn't set in the executable
+    cd "$BUILD_DIR" &&
+    ./linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage --appdir=AppDir/ --plugin=qt --output=appimage
+) > "$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 || { tail -10 "$LOG_FILE" ; echo "! Could not create image"; exit 1; }
+
+exit 0
+### Database for installation
+#
+# URL https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage
+# URL https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy-plugin-qt/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-plugin-qt-x86_64.AppImage
+# URL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAssassin/linuxdeploy-plugin-conda/master/linuxdeploy-plugin-conda.sh

data/config-appimage/modules/displaymanager.conf

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+# Configure one or more display managers (e.g. SDDM)
+# with a "best effort" approach.
+---
+#The DM module attempts to set up all the DMs found in this list, in that precise order.
+#It also sets up autologin, if the feature is enabled in globalstorage.
+#The displaymanagers list can also be set in globalstorage, and in that case it overrides anything set up here.
+displaymanagers:
+  - slim
+  - sddm
+  - lightdm
+  - gdm
+  - mdm
+  - lxdm
+  - kdm
+
+#Enable the following settings to force a desktop environment in your displaymanager configuration file:
+#defaultDesktopEnvironment:
+#    executable: "startkde"
+#    desktopFile: "plasma"
+
+#If true, try to ensure that the user, group, /var directory etc. for the
+#display manager are set up correctly. This is normally done by the distribution
+#packages, and best left to them. Therefore, it is disabled by default.
+basicSetup: false
+
+#If true, setup autologin for openSUSE. This only makes sense on openSUSE
+#derivatives or other systems where /etc/sysconfig/displaymanager exists.
+sysconfigSetup: false

data/config-appimage/modules/finished.conf

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+# Configuration for the "finished" page, which is usually shown only at
+# the end of the installation (successful or not).
+---
+# The finished page can hold a "restart system now" checkbox.
+# If this is false, no checkbox is shown and the system is not restarted
+# when Calamares exits.
+restartNowEnabled: true
+
+# Initial state of the checkbox "restart now". Only relevant when the
+# checkbox is shown by restartNowEnabled.
+restartNowChecked: false
+
+# If the checkbox is shown, and the checkbox is checked, then when
+# Calamares exits from the finished-page it will run this command.
+# If not set, falls back to "shutdown -r now".
+restartNowCommand: "systemctl -i reboot"
+
+# When the last page is (successfully) reached, send a DBus notification
+# to the desktop that the installation is done. This works only if the
+# user as whom Calamares is run, can reach the regular desktop session bus.
+notifyOnFinished: false

data/config-appimage/modules/keyboard.conf

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+# NOTE: you must have ckbcomp installed and runnable
+#       on the live system, for keyboard layout previews.
+---
+# The name of the file to write X11 keyboard settings to
+# The default value is the name used by upstream systemd-localed.
+# Relative paths are assumed to be relative to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d
+xOrgConfFileName: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf"
+
+# The path to search for keymaps converted from X11 to kbd format
+# Leave this empty if the setting does not make sense on your distribution.
+convertedKeymapPath: "/lib/kbd/keymaps/xkb"
+
+# Write keymap configuration to /etc/default/keyboard, usually
+# found on Debian-related systems.
+# Defaults to true if nothing is set.
+#writeEtcDefaultKeyboard:   true

data/config-appimage/modules/locale.conf

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+---
+# This settings are used to set your default system time zone.
+# Time zones are usually located under /usr/share/zoneinfo and
+# provided by the 'tzdata' package of your Distribution.
+#
+# Distributions using systemd can list available
+# time zones by using the timedatectl command.
+#    timedatectl list-timezones
+#
+# The starting timezone (e.g. the pin-on-the-map) when entering
+# the locale page can be set through keys *region* and *zone*.
+# If either is not set, defaults to America/New_York.
+#
+region:                     "Europe"
+zone:                       "Amsterdam"
+
+
+# Enable only when your Distribution is using an
+# custom path for locale.gen
+#localeGenPath:             "PATH_TO/locale.gen"
+
+# GeoIP based Language settings:
+#
+# GeoIP need an working Internet connection.
+#
+geoipUrl:                  "https://geoip.kde.org/v1/calamares"
+
+# GeoIP style. Leave commented out for the "legacy" interpretation.
+# This setting only makes sense if geoipUrl is set, enabliing geoIP.
+geoipStyle:    "json"
+

data/config-appimage/modules/users.conf

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+# Configuration for the one-user-system user module.
+#
+# Besides these settings, the user module also places the following
+# keys into the globalconfig area, based on user input in the view step.
+#
+# - hostname
+# - username
+# - password (obscured)
+# - autologinUser (if enabled, set to username)
+#
+# These globalconfig keys are set when the jobs for this module
+# are created.
+---
+# Used as default groups for the created user.
+# Adjust to your Distribution defaults.
+defaultGroups:
+    - users
+    - lp
+    - video
+    - network
+    - storage
+    - wheel
+    - audio
+
+# Some Distributions require a 'autologin' group for the user.
+# Autologin causes a user to become automatically logged in to
+# the desktop environment on boot.
+# Disable when your Distribution does not require such a group.
+autologinGroup:  autologin
+# You can control the initial state for the 'autologin checkbox' in UsersViewStep here.
+# Possible values are: true to enable or false to disable the checkbox by default
+doAutologin:     true
+
+# When set to a non-empty string, Calamares creates a sudoers file for the user.
+#  /etc/sudoers.d/10-installer
+# Remember to add sudoersGroup to defaultGroups.
+#
+# If your Distribution already sets up a group of sudoers in its packaging,
+# remove this setting (delete or comment out the line below). Otherwise,
+# the setting will be duplicated in the /etc/sudoers.d/10-installer file,
+# potentially confusing users.
+sudoersGroup:    wheel
+
+# Setting this to false , causes the root account to be disabled.
+setRootPassword: true
+# You can control the initial state for the 'root password checkbox' in UsersViewStep here.
+# Possible values are: true to enable or false to disable the checkbox by default.
+# When enabled the user password is used for the root account too.
+# NOTE: doReusePassword requires setRootPassword to be enabled.
+doReusePassword: true
+
+# These are optional password-requirements that a distro can enforce
+# on the user. The values given in this sample file disable each check,
+# as if the check was not listed at all.
+passwordRequirements:
+    minLength: -1  # Password at least this many characters
+    maxLength: -1  # Password at most this many characters
+    libpwquality:
+        - minlen=0
+        - minclass=0
+
+userShell: /bin/bash

data/config-appimage/modules/welcome.conf

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+# Configuration for the welcome module. The welcome page
+# displays some information from the branding file.
+# Which parts it displays can be configured through
+# the show* variables.
+#
+# In addition to displaying the welcome page, this module
+# can check requirements for installation.
+---
+# Display settings for various buttons on the welcome page.
+showSupportUrl:         true
+showKnownIssuesUrl:     true
+showReleaseNotesUrl:    true
+
+# Requirements checking. These are general, generic, things
+# that are checked. They may not match with the actual requirements
+# imposed by other modules in the system.
+requirements:
+    # Amount of available disk, in GB. Floating-point is allowed here.
+    # Note that this does not account for *usable* disk, so it is possible
+    # to pass this requirement, yet have no space to install to.
+    requiredStorage:    5.5
+
+    # Amount of available RAM, in GB. Floating-point is allowed here.
+    requiredRam:        1.0
+
+    # To check for internet connectivity, Calamares does a HTTP GET
+    # on this URL; on success (e.g. HTTP code 200) internet is OK.
+    internetCheckUrl:   http://google.com
+
+    # List conditions to check. Each listed condition will be
+    # probed in some way, and yields true or false according to
+    # the host system satisfying the condition.
+    #
+    # This sample file lists all the conditions that are known.
+    check:
+        - ram
+        - power
+        - internet
+        - root
+        - screen
+    # List conditions that **must** be satisfied (from the list
+    # of conditions, above) for installation to proceed.
+    # If any of these conditions are not met, the user cannot
+    # continue past the welcome page.
+    required:
+        - ram

data/config-appimage/settings.conf

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+# Configuration file for Calamares
+# Syntax is YAML 1.2
+---
+modules-search: [ usr/lib/calamares/modules ]
+
+# YAML: list of maps of string:string key-value pairs.
+#instances:
+#- id:       owncloud
+#  module:   webview
+#  config:   owncloud.conf
+
+# Sequence section. This section describes the sequence of modules, both
+# viewmodules and jobmodules, as they should appear and/or run.
+sequence:
+- show:
+  - welcome
+  - locale
+  - keyboard
+  - users
+  - summary
+- exec:
+  - locale
+  - keyboard
+  - users
+  - displaymanager
+  - networkcfg
+- show:
+  - finished
+
+branding: default
+
+prompt-install: false
+# OEM mode
+dont-chroot: true
+disable-cancel: false